a. Effect on pregnant women

The body of a woman who is pregnant would experience hormonal changes that will affect all the body’s defense system. It is appropriate for all pregnant women need good nutritious food, adequate rest and emotional balance is maintained.

As a result of maternal drug consumption become complacent, he did not pay attention to the intake of nutritious food for babies, break the pattern of sleep is also disturbed (insomnia), anxiety and emotional tension increases especially when the pregnancy is not desired. Further complication occurs due to hormonal changes and maternal mental tension, excessive nausea and vomiting antaralain, drawback of fluids (dehydration) can threaten any time. Pregnant women addicted to drugs become less responsible in caring about personal hygiene and seek a healthy physical exercise as a pregnant woman. Pregnant women to be no concentration and at high risk of injury at any time.

Physical unpreparedness of a woman addicted to drugs during their pregnancy will further weaken the immune system. Pregnant women will easily run into complications that accompany pregnancy, be it infection, anemia during pregnancy has the potential to miscarriage, premature delivery, post-childbirth bleeding, renal impairment due to consumption of drugs freely, increase blood pressure and the risk of contracting hepatitis B or HIV during pregnancy due to interchangeably use among injecting drug users. The risk of sexually transmitted infections among drug addicts from couples is increasing due to decreased immune pregnant women.

b. The influence of fetal

Drugs can cross the placenta and blood vessel dysfunction in the placenta that supply nutrients and oxygen to the fetus. As a result of not growing up into a perfect baby (birth defects), impaired fetal brain growth, are at risk of low birth weight even though just months, premature birth, the fetus died in uterus, and the release of the placenta before the baby is born.

The patient, a U.S. citizen living in Germany, was suffering from advanced leukemia and HIV two years ago when Huetter treated the cancer with a bone-marrow transplant at Berlin’s Charité hospital. As a side experiment, he inserted the bone marrow of a donor naturally resistant to HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. (Researchers have long known that about 1% of Europeans carry a genetic mutation that makes their cells resistant to HIV infection.) Bone marrow produces the cells that HIV attacks. So, the thinking went, inserting marrow that produces HIV-resistant cells might endow the patient with a means to repel the infection. Twenty months after the transplant, Huetter says, the man shows no signs of carrying the virus.

Is this a viable cure for HIV? Not by a long shot. Even Huetter says bone-marrow transplants, which kill about a third of patients, are so dangerous that “they can’t be justified ethically” in anything other than desperate situations like late-stage leukemia. Nor is it clear that Huetter’s claim to have cured his patient is yet justified. HIV has a frustrating ability to hide in hard-to-detect “reservoir” cells in various parts of the body. Current antiviral drugs, for example, can lower a patient’s “viral load” to the point that HIV is undetectable in his or her bloodstream. But as soon as such patients are taken off antivirals, the virus comes storming back.

Huetter’s patient has not received antivirals for two years and remains virus-free even in the known HIV hiding spots of brain and rectal tissue, according to Huetter’s tests. But many researchers remain skeptical about whether these tests have been thorough enough. Dr. Andrew Badley, director of the HIV and immunology research lab at the Mayo Clinic, told the Associated Press, “A lot more scrutiny from a lot of different biological samples would be required to say it’s not present.”

But there might be a glimmer of hope in the case. If the transplant does prove to have been a success and can be replicated, researchers say gene therapists might one day be able to re-engineer a patient’s cells to change their bone marrow the same way a transplant does, except without the dangers. Such a breakthrough, if it proves possible, would be “decades rather than years away,” according to Ade Fakoya, a London-based clinician and senior adviser to the nonprofit Aids Alliance. The treatment would also likely prove too expensive to implement in developing countries where HIV rates are highest, although some proponents of gene therapy say it could eventually be done cheaply through an injection, as with vaccines.

Rob Noble of the British AIDS charity Avert says recent setbacks for research into an AIDS vaccine, along with multiple false hopes in the search for a cure, have caused many in the HIV activism community to view Huetter’s experiment warily. For many AIDS activists, bone-marrow transplantation is a loaded procedure that evokes a traumatic past: before antivirals were widely introduced in the 1990s, it was one of the aggressive and often fatal procedures doctors tried in their desperate effort to halt the epidemic; some of these transplants even used marrow harvested from baboons.

In light of that pessimism about curing HIV in patients, Huetter’s announcement was barely discussed at a major international HIV conference in Glasgow today, according to Fakoya, who was attending the event. He said greater attention was paid to more prosaic methods of defense, such as early identification and testing programs. “I’m in the conservative camp — I don’t think there will be a cure,” he says. “But if you look at antiviral treatment, data was provided at this conference confirming that you can live 30 years on [antiviral-drug] therapy, especially if it’s initiated soon after infection. We are getting to a stage where HIV can be managed as a chronic illness. Now, that’s not great, but I have a feeling it’s the best we can do for the foreseeable future.”

Some of the symptoms / disorders in general of breast disease are described below:

1. Bumps
Lump in the breast can be caused by various diseases, but most are benign lumps. May also form solid lumps (fibroadenomas / FAM, lipoma, etc.) or filled with fluid (cyst). For a benign lump, do not actually need any treatment. If the lump feels disturbing or growing, can be done surgically or if a lump filled with fluid.

2. Painful
Pain can also arise if there are lumps, infections, or cancer of the breast. However, breast cancer rarely cause pain. Breast pain often go away without any treatment needed. If pain is felt disturbing, to use pain-reducing medication such as paracetamol. For pain in the breast occurred in a long time (over 1 month) or can not lose with pain-reducing medication, should consult with a physician customers.

3. Out Fluid from the breast
Discharge from the breast is actually a normal thing (as after birth) because the breast is a gland that remove fluid known as breast-feeding If the fluid mixed with blood, which is usually caused by benign tumors in the breast gland or breast cancer. Greenish liquid that is usually caused by benign lumps. While the fluid containing pus and smelling caused by infection in the breast. If the fluid comes from the breast that looks normal but outside the nursing & in a long time, or the fluid is abnormal, immediately consult a physician customers to be treated according to the cause. Women who had experienced menopause & discharge is not normal and should consult with a physician.

To avoid any impairment to get dealt with faster and better before the widespread / got worse, then do it every year breast examination by a physician as part of routine health checks and can be accompanied by additional checks for abnormalities in the breast according to indications such as ultrasound, mammography , CT-scan, MRI, or hormonal examination.

Under normal circumstances, the heart is able to meet the needs of the body’s metabolism to run properly. However, in cases where metabolism increases such as when we’re working hard, working out a sweat, in hyperthyroid disease (goiter), activity that exceeds the habit, then the heart will do the compensation by increasing heart rate. Furthermore, if the body’s metabolism returns to normal, then the heart will be back to normal.

However, the compensation that occurs continuously can lead to cardiac decompensation experienced heart (cardiac decompensation). Symptoms of heart who have cardiac decompensation (often referred to as a bad heart) is shortness of breath, a new activity has increased a little shortness of breath, palpitations, chest pain, nausea, flatulence, and both legs became swollen, or belly bulge because there is accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity caused blood flow to the heart is not able to return the heart is perfectly acceptable.

Experiencing decompensated heart will raise themselves (which the left heart chambers, the usual to pump blood throughout the body) will be enlarged, so that there was an enlarged left heart (left ventricular hypertrophy, or cardiologist).

In patients with chronic lung illness (which lasts longer) such as tuberculosis, COPD (Chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Disease) in the majority of patients will have an enlarged right heart (right ventricular hypertrophy, an enlarged right ventricle.) Patients with long-standing hypertension, will also cause enlargement of the left heart (left ventricular hypertrophy).

Patients with obesity also facilitate the occurrence of cardiac enlargement, because the heart must pump blood throughout the body surface area (due to obesity).

Heart enlargement can be seen with electrocardiographic examination or recording of heart and chest x-rays.

The heart is already experiencing enlargement often can not shrink back to near normal, although heart weight was reduced.

Therefore, appropriate measures to cope with enlargement of the heart that have occurred are:

1. Limit activities that exhausting heart: do not work too tired, do not push yourself, exercising regularly.
2. If overweight, should lose weight by the way include: reduce the consumption of carbohydrates, increase fat burning with exercise.
3. If there is hypertension, should always control the increasing blood pressure by limiting salt diet, regular exercise and measurable, and anti-hypertensive medication that has been chosen by the physician.
4. When the heart has undergone cardiac decompensation, should take special medication for heart muscle boosters, drugs to reduce the amount of fluid in the body, and drugs to suppress the frequency of heart.
5. If there is TB disease must be overcome with regular treatment for at least 6 months of treatment